Automatic date management in SQL

These are some DB syntax to automate date in your queries.

SYSDATE()   - Today’s date
FIRST_DAY_OF_MONTH() - First day of the current month
LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH()  - Last day of the current month
FIRST_DAY_OF_YEAR()  - First day of the current year
LAST_DAY_OF_YEAR()   - Last day of the current year

Local Temporary tables

Local temporary tables are valid within Modules/Schema and are bound to active SQL sessions.
The syntax to create a Local Temporary table is:

DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE table_name ( fields);

Example

DECLARE LOCAL TEMPORARY TABLE employee_temp
( employee_id number(10) not null,
  employee_name varchar2(50) not null,
  employee_designation  varchar2(50)
);

The above command will create a temporary "employee_temp" table.

Substring in Oracle SQL

The basic syntax for Sub-String in oracle sql is

"SUBSTR(string/column/field,start_position,length)"

and this function is available in all versions from Oracle DB 8i till Oracle DB 12 C (Oracle 12c)

If start_position is 0, then the SUBSTR function treats start_position as 1 (ie: the first position in the string).

If start_position is a positive number, then the SUBSTR function starts from the beginning of the string.

If start_position is a negative number, then the SUBSTR function starts from the end of the string and counts backwards.

If length is a negative number, then the SUBSTR function will return a NULL value.

Examples:

SUBSTR('This is a test', 6, 2)	return 'is'
SUBSTR('This is a test', 6)	return 'is a test'
SUBSTR('IntelBusi', 1, 5)	return 'Intel'
SUBSTR('IntelBusi', -4, 4)	return 'Busi'
SUBSTR('IntelBusi', -4, 3)	return 'Bus'